EZOTERICISM

 

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Esotericism

Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia

 

You should not have your son or daughter's leading son through fire, soothsayer, fortune teller, thief, sorcerer, charmer, ducor, ducing spirits, wizard and insinuating the dead; for the vile before the Lord is every one who does this, and for this abomination, your God banishes them from your face.

 

Deuteronomy 18.10-12

 

Esotericism (from the Greek, is a set of specific interpretations of reality that claim to be secret and are confirmed by special psycho-spiritual practices.

The esoteric is a secret, hidden, ordained in the mysteries of a society or teaching open only to a select few. Antonym is exoteric. It can be used as, for example: "the esoteric meaning of a rite".

In a narrower sense, esotericism is a doctrine about the inner nature of man. "Source?"

In the history of culture, diverse forms of knowledge, different from the classical scientific model and standard and referred to the "department" of non-scientific knowledge, are united by a common concept - esotericism.

 

Content

1 Etymology

2 Esotericism, esotericism

3 Ancient esotericism

4 Thwards

5 Esotericism in the 19th and 20th centuries

6 Targets of esoteric systems

7 Esoterics and Psychology

8 Esoterics and the occult

9 See Also

10 Notes

11 Literature

12 Links

 

Etymology

Esotericism is a concept that originated in the ancient Greek school of Pythagoras and means the "inner patio" of the temple. Over time, in fact, mingling with the occult, esotericism began to mean any secret knowledge for "a select few" that came to us from the depths of the ages.

The terms "ta es and ta ex" are still found in Plato and Aristotle. The adjective es'terikos, esoteric from the first time to us, is found at Lucian's work Selling Lives from an auction, written in 166.

The modern term "esoteric" was first used in English by Thomas Stanley in 1701 in his work The History of Philosophy to describe the Pythagorean school. Pythagoras's teachings were divided into the part that was available to all, and what was taught only by the members of the order, after they took an oath not to divulge what they had been taught. This part of the Pythagorean teachings of Stanley and called esoteric. Historians still do not know what the esoteric part of Pythagoras's teachings was. Later, the term was spread to other teachings that were not promoted by adherents among the uninitiated. The noun "esotericism" first appeared in the French language in 1828 and was popularized by Eliphas Levy in the 1850s. Many modern esoteric teachings are actively promoted, so they cannot be called secret in the same sense as esotericism within religions and other esoteric organizations, but only in the sense that they claim to understand the mystery, inaccessible to the uninitiated.

Esotherism, esotericism

Esoterics - teachings about the hidden mystical essence of objects of the world and man; the field of study of esoterics are processes taking place in the universe, synchronously reflected in the depths of the human soul. Esoteric psychopractice, partly preserved within some mystical traditions, is used by a limited number of adherents and is mainly applied. Examples of this practice include Sufism within Islam, nedanin within Taoism, yoga within Hinduism, zen within Buddhism, ishihaism within Orthodoxy.

Based on the semantic meaning of the word, esotericism can be labeled any hidden practice. The term esotericism is more commonly used to describe ancient esoteric teachings and currents within religions, whereas the term esotericism is more commonly used in relation to modern currents. In addition, esotericism often denotes a more general concept, esoteric teachings in general.

Ancient esotericism

In a sense, any knowledge in antiquity before the beginning of the development of Greek civilization can be called esoteric, as only the caste of priests possessed it, even such practical knowledge as geometry.

In ancient Greece, esoteric knowledge includes the mysteries of Demeter and Dionysus, orphism, and a secret part of various philosophies, in particular Pythagoreanism. It is believed that Plato and Aristotle also divided their teachings into what was told to all comers, and what was discussed only among the students of Lykeand and the Academy.

At the end of the Hellenistic era, hermetism became popular and Corpus Hermeticum, a collection of texts attributed to Hermes Trismegist, became popular during the Renaissance.

The esoteric practices of the East provided the basis for the formation of subsequent movements of Western mysticism.

Esotericism is characterized by dualism between secret and open canonical forms, which are present in many religions (e.g. Judaism). But neither external (open) nor internal (secret), for all its sorities, are mutually exclusive. At a certain level of development, inner spiritual life can remain in harmony with the external. It is implied that esoteric doctrines do not contradict the exoteric doctrine, but are more complex and inaccessible to the unsophisticated. For example, in Judaism there are four levels of understanding, three exotherical and the last, esoteric, having two directions, mystical (Kabbalah) and philosophical (The teachings of Maimonides) (see Pardes).

Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, such trends as astrology, alchemy and magic were almost standard subjects of the curriculum of the mystically-educated adept of the time. It is believed that esotericism (or rather occultism) is against the Bible or Christianity. The Old Testament contains very categorical prohibitions against occult practices, and a number of New Testament texts oppose the penetration of Gnosticism into Christian faith.

Although there were such Christian mystics as St. Augustine Aurelius, Thomas Aquinas and others, who in their works did not exclude mystical understanding and reunification with God. And Orthodoxy still believes in a number of saints who survived encounters with angels. That is, esotericism as a concept takes place in Christianity (see Christian mysticism).

Many secret esoteric currents have their own history, going back thousands of years. Most of them did not exist as continuous traditions, sometimes lost and reappeared. Thus, European esotericism was re-formulated in the 17th century by the Order of the Rosicrucians and later entered into various currents, such as Freemasonry.

Esotericism in the 19th and 20th centuries

The esoteric teachings of the 20th century were strongly influenced by the philosophical ideas of E. P. Blavatsky, founder of the Theosophical Society.

Targets of esoteric systems

The goals of esoteric systems coincide with religious systems, but there may not be any connection with a particular religion. Esoteric systems also offer a specific reproducible set of methods for the expansion of consciousness. The basis of these changes are the Elevated States of Consciousness (expansion of consciousness), which differ from the so-called "changed states of consciousness" (achieved by followers of many religions or psychocults) in that the changes of the Personality, to the aeso-systems are sustainable. More broadly, the goal of self-transformation lies outside the zone of personal self-development, that is, "personality change" is only a means, and the goal is the final expansion of the essential worldview.

Esoterics and Psychology

Psychology is the scientific basis for the description of psycho-states and has only partly a connection with parapsychology, as well as with mysticism, occultism, esotericism, psychology has even less in common.

Esotericism and the occult

The concepts of esotericism and occultism are not interchangeable, the term esotericist is broader and includes both occultism and esoteric teachings not related to the occult. Only those esoteric systems, part of which are occult practices, can be called occult. Many esoteric systems are ideological or focused more on self-improvement and mystical experiences such as Sufism, ishihasm, oriental practices and many of modern New Age teachings, whereas occultism denotes rather practices aimed at achieving concrete results, the use of magic, the invocation of spirits, predictions, divination, astrology, alchemy, numerology, goetia, various ceremonies and other practices, as well as zzoteric doctrines, with them related, such as hermetism, theosophy, martinism, spiritualism, spiritualism, esoteric Christianity, and others. For example, the Kabbalists of the Renaissance were occultists, but Kabbalah is not limited to occultism, and many Kabbalists do not recognize the occult at all and imply only ideological system and meditation practices by Kabbalah.

Cm. Also

Showing compactly

The occult

Mysticism

Mystique

New Age

Human aura

Research into reincarnation

Numerology

Near-death experiences

Regression of a past life

Thin bodies

Esoteric astrology

Immortality (Taoism)

Yoga

Kabbalah

Sufism

Tantra

Esoteric Buddhism

Esoteric Christianity

Alistair Crowley

John Dee

Papus

Paracelsus

Rene Genon

Exoteric

 

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